New Bill in House of Congress Seeks to Define & Regulate Crypto

After long days of impeachment hearings and a vote to initiate an impeachment trial in the US Senate, it’s clear that the US Congress has had a busy week. However, in the midst of the largely partisan debates, a new bill outlining a set of regulations for digital currencies was introduced.

Forbes reported that the bill, dubbed the ‘Crypto-Currency Act of 2020,’ has the stated objective to clarify which federal agencies are responsible for the regulation of digital assets.

Indeed, a discussion draft of the bill assigns a definition of ‘Federal Digital Asset Regulator’ or ‘Federal Crypto Regulator’ to three agencies - the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN).

Outlining definitions and setting watchdogs for crypto

Under the bill, digital assets would be sorted into three different categories: Cryptocurrencies Cryptocurrencies By using cryptography, virtual currencies, known as cryptocurrencies, are nearly counterfeit-proof digital currencies that are built on blockchain technology. Comprised of decentralized networks, blockchain technology is not overseen by a central authority.Therefore, cryptocurrencies function in a decentralized nature which theoretically makes them immune to government interference. The term, cryptocurrency derives from the origin of the encryption techniques that are employed to secure the netw By using cryptography, virtual currencies, known as cryptocurrencies, are nearly counterfeit-proof digital currencies that are built on blockchain technology. Comprised of decentralized networks, blockchain technology is not overseen by a central authority.Therefore, cryptocurrencies function in a decentralized nature which theoretically makes them immune to government interference. The term, cryptocurrency derives from the origin of the encryption techniques that are employed to secure the netw Read this Term, crypto-commodities, and crypto-securities.

As defined by the draft, the term “cryptocurrency” s defined as “representations of United States currency or synthetic derivatives resting on a Blockchain Blockchain Blockchain comprises a digital network of blocks with a comprehensive ledger of transactions made in a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin or other altcoins.One of the signature features of blockchain is that it is maintained across more than one computer. The ledger can be public or private (permissioned). In this sense, blockchain is immune to the manipulation of data, making it not only open but verifiable. Because a blockchain is stored across a network of computers, it is very difficult to tamp Blockchain comprises a digital network of blocks with a comprehensive ledger of transactions made in a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin or other altcoins.One of the signature features of blockchain is that it is maintained across more than one computer. The ledger can be public or private (permissioned). In this sense, blockchain is immune to the manipulation of data, making it not only open but verifiable. Because a blockchain is stored across a network of computers, it is very difficult to tamp Read this Term or decentralized cryptographic ledger.” This can be determined by “decentralized oracles or smart contracts” and “collateralized by crypto-commodities, crypto-currencies, or other crypto-securities.”

The term “crypto-securities,” on the other hand, is defined as “all debt, equity, and derivative instruments that rest on a blockchain or decentralized cryptographic ledger,” with some exceptions, including synthetic derivatives that are operated under money services businesses.

The term “digital asset” is defined as “a crypto-commodity, crypto-currency, or crypto-security.” The draft of the bill also provided definitions for synthetic stablecoins, reserve-backed stablecoins, and decentralized oracles.

The roles of FinCEN, the CFTC, and the SEC would be made clearer

The draft of the bill places “crypto-commodities” under the jurisdiction of the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), and puts “crypto-currencies” until the Secretary of the Treasury (operating through the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, or FinCEN). “Crypto-securities” are under the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

In a report for Forbes, former FDIC regulator Jason Brett wrote that “this is not the first sign that there may be a common role between [the three regulators] for this new asset class,” and pointed to an October statement by all three entities on activities involving digital assets with respect to their obligations under the Bank Secrecy Act.

Brett also pointed out that FinCEN “is generally considered more of a law enforcement agency than a traditional financial services regulator,” and cited FinCEN Director Kenneth Blanco, who explained at a New York Blockchain Symposium in November that for FinCEN exams,

"You should be able to tell your examiner, and/or your regulator like FinCEN, how you mitigate risks...identify potentially suspicious activity and comply with reporting and recordkeeping requirements — including the Funds Travel Rule,' he said. "You can count on being asked about this during an examination.’

If passed into law, the bill would represent a step toward regulatory clarity for the cryptocurrency industry in the United States. The US has been criticized in the past for lacking regulations for the crypto industry.

However, efforts toward regulating crypto seem to have picked up speed within the country over the last several months, particularly following Facebook’s announcement of the so-called “Libra” project, a plan to build a global cryptocurrency network.

Some of the actions taken by the SEC in the last several months and over the last year have caused some to accuse the agency of “regulation by enforcement.”