A Perfect Currency Storm: Black Monday Rattles FX Markets

It might only be Monday, but it's already been a busy day on the foreign exchange (forex) markets, with some dubbing the day as "Black Monday" as a slew of market events have sent currencies surging and plummeting.

Coronavirus, US Treasury yields, and oil prices all contributed to today's events with commodity-linked currencies, such as the Australian dollar (AUD), New Zealand dollar (NZD), and the Canadian dollar (CAD) all posting sharp declines in the early morning hours.

It wasn't only commodity currencies that felt the pressure on Black Monday, with the United States dollar (USD) also suffering throughout the day. Taking a look at the Euro against the USD - the world's most traded currency pair, it soared to its highest level since April of 2017, with the EUR surging by more than 1 percent.

Dollar-yen one-month implied volatility climbed to an 11-year high at 8.8 percent, as the dollar slid to its weakest since 2016. All of these swings follow on from a rather lackluster 2019 when low market volatility weighed heavily on the forex markets.

NOK and CAD were Black Monday losers

Speaking to Finance Magnates on the movements, Charalambos Pissouros, Senior Market Analyst at JFD Group, said: "Among the G10 currencies, oil-related NOK and CAD were found to be the main losers, followed by the risk-linked Aussie and Kiwi. The main gainers were the safe-havens JPY and CHF, followed by the Euro, which seems to be benefiting from speculation that the ECB will cut interest rates by less than other major central banks.

"It also seems that the common currency was used as a vehicle in carry trades, and thus, now investors are unwinding such trades, it gets benefited. In other words, it wore its safe haven suit. Among the EM currencies, the currency that felt the heat the most was of course the Russian Ruble."

"With regards to the coronavirus sequel, although infected cases slowed somewhat on Sunday, deaths accelerated sharply, while the Italian government ordered a lockdown of large parts of the north of the country, including Milan. The market reaction suggests that investors are unconvinced that the virus can been contained soon, something that heightened further recession fears."

A perfect FX storm

"Financial markets have suffered a rude awakening to notions that volatility was a thing of the past. We're now seeing the kind of market dislocation not witnessed since the 2008-09 global financial crisis," ING analysts said this Monday.

The article, written by Chris Turner, Global Head of Markets and Regional Head of Research for UK & CEE, described the set-up as a "perfect storm" for currency markets. "This all conspires to deliver an extreme flight to safety, into the likes of the JPY and the CHF."

What does all of this mean for brokers?

Large swings in the price of major currencies can be problematic for brokers and traders alike. Back in June of 2016, following the big Brexit vote, many brokers struggled to meet their customers' demand as there was a squeeze on Liquidity Liquidity The term liquidity refers to the process, speed, and ease of which a given asset or security can be converted into cash. Notably, liquidity surmises a retention in market price, with the most liquid assets representing cash.The most liquid asset of all is cash itself.· In economics, liquidity is defined by how efficiently and quickly an asset can be converted into usable cash without materially affecting its market price. · Nothing is more liquid than cash, while other assets represent The term liquidity refers to the process, speed, and ease of which a given asset or security can be converted into cash. Notably, liquidity surmises a retention in market price, with the most liquid assets representing cash.The most liquid asset of all is cash itself.· In economics, liquidity is defined by how efficiently and quickly an asset can be converted into usable cash without materially affecting its market price. · Nothing is more liquid than cash, while other assets represent Read this Term.

Flash crash events can cause financial harm to forex brokers. Historically, these types of situations have led to clients receiving margin calls and having positions closed out at a Negative Balance Negative Balance In its most basic form, a negative balance represents an account balance in which debits exceed credits. A negative balance indicates that the account holder owes money. A negative balance on a loan indicates that the loan has not been repaid in full, while a negative bank balance indicates that the account holder has overspent.In the retail brokerage space, this phenomenon occurs when a position’s losses in an account exceeds the available margin on hand from a given trader. When a trader place In its most basic form, a negative balance represents an account balance in which debits exceed credits. A negative balance indicates that the account holder owes money. A negative balance on a loan indicates that the loan has not been repaid in full, while a negative bank balance indicates that the account holder has overspent.In the retail brokerage space, this phenomenon occurs when a position’s losses in an account exceeds the available margin on hand from a given trader. When a trader place Read this Term.

Furthermore, large changes in major currencies can cause hundreds of millions in losses, as was the case when the Swiss National Bank loosened its grip of the Swiss franc (CHF) back in 2015 and removed its peg against the Euro.

Looking at past events

Let's take a look at the damage that the flash crash on the first trading day of 2019 did to Japanese brokers. On the 3rd of January 2019, there was a JPY flash crash, which sent the JPY, along with other currencies plummeting.

As Finance Magnates analyzed, following this event, just like after the SNB, many brokers couldn't chase their clients for the losses on their books. Therefore, the January flash crash ultimately affected the companies too.

The magnitude of the event was not as pronounced as the Swiss franc spike in January 2015. Nevertheless, the total losses suffered by Japanese STP brokers on the first trading day in Tokyo of 2019 totaled to about $8.6 million.

Speaking to Finance Magnates on today's trading activity, Christos Yerasimou, Director of Trading at Skilling, a European broker, explained: "Other than the US indices global trading halt, we have not experienced any other issues. On the contrary, our pricing and execution engine is responding to the market events pretty well."

When asked whether the broker had seen a change in trading activity, Yerasimou responded with: "We have seen a surge in commodities trading, mainly Gold and Oil. This heavy increase was also probably supported by the fact that US indices trading was halted globally due to the breach of their circuit breaker levels.

"I would say EURUSD was the most traded pair today; but, as I mentioned before, the clients' interest is primarily focusing on the commodities and non-US indices today."