Foreign    Exchange   Exchange An exchange is known as a marketplace that supports the trading of derivatives, commodities, securities, and other financial instruments.Generally, an exchange is accessible through a digital platform or sometimes at a tangible address where investors organize to perform trading. Among the chief responsibilities of an exchange would be to uphold honest and fair-trading practices. These are instrumental in making sure that the distribution of supported security rates on that exchange are effectively relevant with real-time pricing.Depending upon where you reside, an exchange may be referred to as a bourse or a share exchange while, as a whole, exchanges are present within the majority of countries. Who is Listed on an Exchange?As trading continues to transition more to electronic exchanges, transactions become more dispersed through varying exchanges. This in turn has caused a surge in the implementation of trading algorithms and high-frequency trading applications. In order for a company to be listed on a stock exchange for example, a company must divulge information such as minimum capital requirements, audited earnings reports, and financial reports.Not all exchanges are created equally, with some outperforming other exchanges significantly. The most high-profile exchanges to date include the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), the London Stock Exchange (LSE), and the Nasdaq. Outside of trading, a stock exchange may be used by companies aiming to raise capital, this is most commonly seen in the form of initial public offerings (IPOs).Exchanges can now handle other asset classes, given the rise of cryptocurrencies as a more popularized form of trading. An exchange is known as a marketplace that supports the trading of derivatives, commodities, securities, and other financial instruments.Generally, an exchange is accessible through a digital platform or sometimes at a tangible address where investors organize to perform trading. Among the chief responsibilities of an exchange would be to uphold honest and fair-trading practices. These are instrumental in making sure that the distribution of supported security rates on that exchange are effectively relevant with real-time pricing.Depending upon where you reside, an exchange may be referred to as a bourse or a share exchange while, as a whole, exchanges are present within the majority of countries. Who is Listed on an Exchange?As trading continues to transition more to electronic exchanges, transactions become more dispersed through varying exchanges. This in turn has caused a surge in the implementation of trading algorithms and high-frequency trading applications. In order for a company to be listed on a stock exchange for example, a company must divulge information such as minimum capital requirements, audited earnings reports, and financial reports.Not all exchanges are created equally, with some outperforming other exchanges significantly. The most high-profile exchanges to date include the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), the London Stock Exchange (LSE), and the Nasdaq. Outside of trading, a stock exchange may be used by companies aiming to raise capital, this is most commonly seen in the form of initial public offerings (IPOs).Exchanges can now handle other asset classes, given the rise of cryptocurrencies as a more popularized form of trading. Read this Term technology provider and ECN operator Spotex announced the launch of a new multilevel credit and margin management module on Monday. Called Periscope, the service enables prime brokers and prime-of-prime brokers (PoPs) to extend credit and margin to multiple levels of downstream, sub-brokers.

Periscope is a risk engine within Spotex’s white label broker technology system and institutional ECN.

It aggregates and monitors both credit and margin exposures from a top-level broker, typically a prime of    Prime Broker  Prime Broker Prime brokers are the designation given to individuals handling a package of services offered by investment banks, wealth management firms, and securities dealers to hedge funds which need the ability to borrow securities and cash in order to be able to invest on a netted basis and achieve an absolute return.There are two types of prime brokers - bank and non-bank corporations. Traditionally major global investment banks have been the predominant players in the space, however recent years have proven that there is space for non-bank liquidity providers that sometimes can deliver a better service than traditional financial institutions.Prime brokers are earning on commissions, spreads and overnight margin lending. Brokers which are operating STP flows in sufficient size are the main contenders to have a direct relationship with a prime broker, while smaller firms are relying on prime of primes to access a pool of prime brokers.What Roles Do Prime Brokers Perform?Prime brokers are responsible for a wide range of services, which typically include global custody such as clearing, custody, and asset servicing. Additionally, these individuals are also tasked with securities lending and financing, in a bid to facilitate leverage of client assets.The individuals can also provide hedge fund managers with portfolio reporting needed to effectively manage money as well as operational support. Prime brokers act as a hedge fund's primary operations contact with all other broker dealers.Finally, many prime brokers also look to provide additional value-added services, such as risk management and capital introduction.Of note, larger prime brokerage firms today usually monitor the risk within client portfolios through house-designed risk-based margin methodologies. These are helpful in considering the worst-case loss of a portfolio based on liquidity, concentration, ownership, macroeconomic, investing strategies, and other risks of the portfolio. Prime brokers are the designation given to individuals handling a package of services offered by investment banks, wealth management firms, and securities dealers to hedge funds which need the ability to borrow securities and cash in order to be able to invest on a netted basis and achieve an absolute return.There are two types of prime brokers - bank and non-bank corporations. Traditionally major global investment banks have been the predominant players in the space, however recent years have proven that there is space for non-bank liquidity providers that sometimes can deliver a better service than traditional financial institutions.Prime brokers are earning on commissions, spreads and overnight margin lending. Brokers which are operating STP flows in sufficient size are the main contenders to have a direct relationship with a prime broker, while smaller firms are relying on prime of primes to access a pool of prime brokers.What Roles Do Prime Brokers Perform?Prime brokers are responsible for a wide range of services, which typically include global custody such as clearing, custody, and asset servicing. Additionally, these individuals are also tasked with securities lending and financing, in a bid to facilitate leverage of client assets.The individuals can also provide hedge fund managers with portfolio reporting needed to effectively manage money as well as operational support. Prime brokers act as a hedge fund's primary operations contact with all other broker dealers.Finally, many prime brokers also look to provide additional value-added services, such as risk management and capital introduction.Of note, larger prime brokerage firms today usually monitor the risk within client portfolios through house-designed risk-based margin methodologies. These are helpful in considering the worst-case loss of a portfolio based on liquidity, concentration, ownership, macroeconomic, investing strategies, and other risks of the portfolio. Read this Term, down as many as four levels of sub-brokers.

“Periscope opens a range of new opportunities for prime brokers, prime of primes and retail brokers, who previously were unable to accommodate clients due to technology restrictions,” said John Miesner, senior managing director at Spotex. “Clients now have a broader range of firms they can execute through to trade on Spotex’s institutional ECN.”

One of many

Periscope enables sub-brokers to provide their clients with direct access to Spotex’s institutional low latency ECN where they can trade on a transparent central limit order book using active and passive order types powered by live market data.

Periscope is one of several pieces of complementary technology that Spotex provides in addition to its standard ECN and FX technology systems.

Other Spotex innovations include the ECN’s continuous 24/5 weekly cycle, without end-of-day shutdowns, and proprietary, performance-based matching logic.