Exclusive: FXCM Inc. CEO Drew Niv Discusses Firm's Future after the CHF Crisis
Mr. Niv sheds light on Black Thursday's unfolding at FXCM: how did the systems react, what caused the $225 million

It can safely be said that the sudden drop of the Swiss franc’s cap is the most significant event in the foreign exchange markets since the British pound’s forced withdrawal from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. Its drastic effect was evident across the industry and FXCM Inc. (NYSE:FXCM) was no different. The company incurred a substantial loss of funds which prompted it to obtain financing at some very strict terms from Leucadia National.
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To find out how events unfolded at FXCM on the 15th of January and to shed light on the subject, Forex Magnates reporters have reached out to CEO Drew Niv of FXCM, one of the biggest foreign exchange brokers in the market.

What happened on January 15th after the SNB announcement? What was the immediate impact of the SNB announcement on the company’s systems?
At the time of the SNB announcement over 3,000 FXCM clients held slightly over $1 billion in open positions on EUR/CHF. Those same clients held approximately $80 million of collateral in their accounts. As you know this was the largest move of a major currency since currencies started floating 1971.
The EUR/CHF move was 44 standard deviation moves, while most risk management systems only contemplate 3-6 standard deviations. The move wiped out those clients’ account equity as well as generated negative equity balances owed to FXCM of over $225 million. We believe that the FXCM system operated properly during this event.
The caveat of our no dealing-desk execution system is that traders are offset one for one with a liquidity provider. When a client entered a EUR/CHF trade with FXCM, FXCM Inc. had an identical trade with our liquidity providers. During the historic move, liquidity became extremely scarce and shallow, which affected execution prices. This liquidity issue resulted in some clients having a negative balance.
While clients could not cover their margin call with us we still had to cover the same margin call with our banks. When a client profits in the trade FXCM gives the profits to the customer, however, when the client is not profitable on that trade FXCM Inc. ends up having to pay the liquidity provider.
FXCM ended with a regulatory capital shortfall. Accordingly, FXCM needed to get a loan to cover this balance, which it did. For anyone that still thinks FXCM is running an FX dealing desk, we have now demonstrated that such is not the case.
Why do you think many people traded EUR/CHF with FXCM?
Because we are a no dealing-desk broker and offset each trade one-for-one with our liquidity providers, and only make money on trades not customer losses. We published a study a few years ago called “traits of successful traders” that looked at FXCM traders over a long period of time and their general behavior to find what was destructive behavior to stay away from and what worked for clients.
The study focuses on what the majority of profitable traders did to increase their odds of success. What the study found was that traders who traded during quiet range-bound market hours like Asian hours OR that traded rang- bound low volatility currency pairs tended to be more profitable.
Obviously many of our competitors who are on the opposite side of their clients’ trades did not find this trade to be helpful to their bottom line, as they lose money when traders profit. We saw many of the dealing desk firms begin to increase overnight rollover cost as well as raise margin requirements to get these trades off their system and that’s why FXCM and other STP brokers had much bigger exposure.
Why did FXCM require an emergency loan with such tough terms?
As a regulated broker we are required to notify our regulators in a timely manner when any event occurs that may be deemed sensitive to clients. When we notified the regulators, they required FXCM Inc.’s regulated entities to supplement their respective net capital on an expedited basis.
We explored multiple debt and equity financing alternatives in an effort to meet the regulator’s deadline. The deal we ended up doing with Leucadia was the only deal that could and would happen in the very short timeframe we were given by the regulators. The CEO and the president of Leucadia were here in the office working on the deal.
It was a tall order for someone outside of the FX industry to come in and write a $300 million dollar check. This was the type of thing only top management could do. But they see the sustainability of FXCM, and that was everyone’s end goal. We really are very thankful to Leucadia. The deal enables us to live and fight another day and gives us time to build shareholder value in the future.
You said you plan to pay back the loan with proceeds from sales of non-core assets so what are non-core assets and will that be enough?
We announced last week that we anticipate that with the proceeds from the sale of some non-core assets and continued earnings we can meet both near and long-term obligations of our financing, while preserving the strength of our franchise. It’s widely known and understood that FXCM’s core business has always been retail FX; It is the majority of FXCM’s revenue.
However, over the past few years, the company has spent over $250 million dollars making strategic acquisitions building up our non-core businesses, mainly the institutional side as we tried to diversify the firm. We are now looking to sell some of those non-core assets; But, we are not in a rush and are looking to get the highest valuations for these assets.
We are considering closing or selling smaller regulated entities that require large sums of capital requirements, but that offer increasingly low return on capital. The latter move allows us to free up significant amounts of cash that is currently trapped. We believe that in the near term we can pay down a majority of the loan. That’s our goal.
What happens after 90 days according to your agreement with Leucadia?
The agreement says we need to pay back $50 million of the loan along with $10 million in fees in 90 days. If we don’t pay that $60 million, we will be assessed an additional $30 million in fees when the loan is due in 2017. So we are going to pay our $60 million and hopefully more in 90 days and then go from there. To be clear, the financing does not force us to do anything at 90 days.
Will you be selling FXCM?
I absolutely do not plan on selling FXCM. Like I said we will be selling non-core assets but no I don’t plan on selling FXCM. That is also why we implemented the shareholder rights plan to prevent a hostile takeover. FXCM has been independent for over 15 years and we intend to stay that way.
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Are client funds safe with FXCM?
Yes. As we have said, we believe FXCM’s systems operated properly during this event. I’ll stress it here again, FXCM is not insolvent, has not filed for any form of bankruptcy, and is in compliance with all regulatory capital requirements in the jurisdictions in which it operates. The financing we received from Leucadia has strengthened our balance sheet and gives us the opportunity to grow our core business. With Leucadia, our pockets are even deeper and we aren’t going anywhere. Additionally, all of our regulated entities except the U.S. provide clients with segregated funds. All of our global client base in our regulated entities minus US clients would be protected under a bankruptcy. Our UK regulated entity through the FSCS even offers clients £50,000 per person in protection. Canada has similar insurance for retail traders of up to $1 million CAD.
What are the relationships like with your liquidity providers after this event?
Many of these relationships are long-standing relationships. The entire industry took a hit here. They understand what happened. Most everyone halted trading in EUR/CHF, but half of our liquidity providers kept providing prices in all other pairs the entire time. Half of the LPs did stop pricing FXCM on Friday January 16th, but most have returned. We presently only have two providers that have not yet returned, but we are optimistic that they will soon return. There is still plenty of liquidity on the platform. Most banks and other liquidity providers have been working very closely with the FXCM team.
Where do you see FXCM in six months from now?
We will be well on our way to paying down the loan and continue to grow our core franchise. FXCM still has the best platform for retail traders, we still provide the fairest and more transparent execution in the business and we have a slew of new trading indicators and applications that no one in the space is even considering offering their clients. We’ll still be here; We may just look a little different. Here are a few things we are working to get out in the next six months:
Single Share CFDs – We are going to be offering the top 200 or so most traded US, UK, French and German stocks. We are going to offer these shares on the equivalent of NDD in FX.
Improving CFD execution – Sharpening execution capabilities to match some of the benefits of our FX capabilities for Index and Energy CFDs to remove restrictions on stops and limits, allowing APIs, along with tighter spreads.
Market Depth in FX – clients will be able to see the depth of liquidity which will provide them more transparency with execution quality and allow them to make more informed trading decisions.
Real Volume indicators – clients will have a real volume ticker of all trades done on the FXCM system, which will show clients’ actual order flow; they can see directional volume, so long, short, net or total volume as well as balance on volume per instrument; and finally we have an indicator to show the ratio of real volume divided into transactions per period. These indicators will let clients compare our trading activity against other independent providers who also publish volumes like the CME, and clients will be able to compare execution.
Sentiment Index – We will be providing FXCM’s client sentiment data in real-time as a default on the platform so clients can see where the rest of the clients are.
These software updates and platform features are bringing much more transparency to the retail FX market aimed at improving the client experience in the market.
With your stock price so low, is that an indication of the health of your company?
While it is true that FXCM’s stock price dropped after the events of January 15th, we do not believe that the present stock price is indicative of the health of the company. The stock price does not impact our day to day operations as a company.
With the injection of cash from the Leucadia financing, the core retail business is functioning completely as normal. We have excess regulatory capital in all our regulated entities and never had to pause trading or interrupt client’s trading experience. As we announced in our business update, daily volume on the retail side was on pace to set an all-time company record.
Why didn’t the dealing desk brokers have these types of losses?
A dealing desk broker does not have offsetting trades. If the customer is long a trade the broker is short that trade, so when the customer makes a profit on a trade the broker loses. When the customer loses on the trade then the broker is profitable.
Obviously on January 15th most clients lost money so the dealer was very profitable. Even for clients that blew through their stops and had negative balances with these firms, the dealer doesn’t have a liquidity provider that it owes money to. They can essentially act like the negative balances never happened and enjoy their profits.
What is FXCM changing with regards to their risk management systems?
The primary change we will be making is removing currency pairs from the platform that carry significant risk due to over-active manipulation by their respective government either by a floor, ceiling, peg or band. Given what happened with EUR/CHF the industry is now looking very hard at any potentially similar issues, especially given the increased geopolitical risks in Southern and Eastern Europe.
We will also be raising margin requirements for other pairs as well. Some of these changes will be permanent while others may change as geopolitical risks change. The pairs we are removing from the platform were not material to our volume or our revenue. Some of the currencies we are removing include DKK, SGD, HKD, PLN and CZK.
FXCM made some material changes in margin requirements for clients. Are those changes permanent or temporary in nature?
When you look at some of the changes we made to margin requirements, look at them in three different categories: 1. Some of the changes we made were required by regulators, and therefore we had to comply with these changes. 2. When you look at emerging market currencies, the banks and our liquidity providers were raising margin requirements to eliminate any potential risk of large gaps. 3. Previously liquid Western country currencies, like the DKK or CHF, which now carry risk because they are manipulated currencies, have become less liquid.
Despite what the media thinks about leverage, we know the clients like it and want more, it’s the number 1 or number 2 request our sales staff has been getting the past week. We understand the importance of this to our clients but we just need to be smart about it moving forward.
What is Black Thursday’s long-term impact on the retail foreign exchange industry? In what ways has it changed the direction the industry is going?
Banks are raising their margin requirements, too. A lot of these currencies that carry any type of geopolitical risk with them are going to lose support and liquidity. Investors always had little faith in emerging market currencies but always believed in Western countries’ currencies even if they were manipulated in some way, but that’s gone.
Switzerland is a Western country and if they can pull the shenanigans they did with their currency, what’s to say other western countries won’t do the same? The market is going to be very sceptical as they can only stand to lose; The risk is just too high now. It’s too bad really as these pairs historically had low volatility, were range-bound and were very profitable trades for clients.
Great CEO
Drew the Great :))) How are the things at fxcm Roy ?
What prices did FXCM close out EURCHF for clients at?
Did Niv mean on 15th Jan half the liquidity providers never went offline?
Nicely handled under the circumstances. Doesn’t hurt to get a chance to shine a different light on certain competitors’ recent opportunistic marketing of “wiping out negative balances” as if they hadn’t exposed their dealing desk business model in the process.
Great CEO indeed. Great piece from FM — how much did FXCM pay you for this infomercial? You should call yourselves FXCM-ForexMagnates.com. Completely one-sided reporting…. but i guess everyone know this by now judging by the comments on other articles. No mention of: – complete lack of risk management or understanding of risk – complete destruction of equity value for shareholders of FXCM – complete lack of going concern at FXCM after the punitive Leucadia deal – how clients will be chased for negative balance because of lack of safeguards at FXCM – complete avoidance of mentioning the… Read more »
FXCM @ $2. Steal of the century.
$98M Market cap for a brand of this stature is dirt cheap.
Remember they still have over $1B in client money.
Loading up the wagon……….
@Drew Niv: As long as FXCM offers a negative balance protection, a true ECN/STP account with a commission fee and a leverage of 1:100 I will trade with you!
Fighter : 095
Negative protection is a myth, just yesterday the emailed their chaser for traders all over the world to cover negative balance.
A “no dealing desk” broker can offset every transaction with a liquidity provider, but still try protect its capital by executing hedges against events that could cause huge credit losses. The cost of those hedges should be considered when pricing customer transactions. But that is hindsight. The lesson to learn from this event is that risk management is needed for both market risk and credit risk. That may mean higher margin requirements at times, or wider spreads to cover additional hedging costs, as Drew said in this interview. Most of the articles about the CHF fallout fail to give proper… Read more »
iam a fxcm client suffered from negative balance . i will never forget that day. if half of the LP still online. why did you! FXCM halt trading EURCHF?
Joe….market cap is NOT $98M….you are forgetting about 35.7M shares that can be converted.
Ian, the article said that all LPs stopped pricing EURCHF. Half of the LPs continued to price OTHER pairs, not EURCHF. When a pair with almost no volatility like EURCHF moves 44 times as much as it does normally, no one makes prices during that mess. All the STP firms got burned. If the trade had moved the other way, clients would be lining up to try to get their profits from market making firms who got wiped out.
@ Aubrey and @ Fred The A-book AKA STP, ECN or DMA broker… This is all propaganda FOREX is a zero sum game there is always someone losing when you win and winning when you lose. There are only 3 relevant criteria to consider when choosing a counter-party: 1. Solvency- are my funds safe, does the broker have adequate capital reserves with proven risk management controls and procedures, are they regulated and subject to reporting requirements? 2. Execution- does the broker fill me at the current fair price, has the broker been fined or suspected of unfair execution policies like… Read more »
Fred said:
@Drew Niv: As long as FXCM offers a negative balance protection, a true ECN/STP account with a commission fee and a leverage of 1:100 I will trade with you!
– See more at: http://forexmagnates.com/exclusive-fxcm-inc-ceo-drew-niv-discusses-firms-future-after-the-chf-crisis/#sthash.TWUY3T5I.dpuf
—
That is hilarious.
Go to a casino.
All customers accounts EXCEPT US are protected in a bankruptcy. The CFTC has the market so choked off stateside I can only deal with US brokers who will absorb my account if they become insolvent. That my friends is a regulatory failure on an epic level. This could be Refco all over again. I’d love to think they will survive this, but when Refco went under, we had all been promised nothing but recovery and safety by Phillip Benette and his staff until the judge suddenly decided that accounts were frozen and then later decided that account holders fell below… Read more »
@John Putnam Well-said. Epic failures at both FXCM risk-management level (what risk-management?), at CEO level (think of Lucid acquisition and FastMatch to siphon money away), at CFTC-level (think of unregulated Bermuda subsidiaries allowed to absorb trades, think of zero risk-management oversight by the regulator). Mr. Niv setup a well-rehearsed shop display of what proved to be a complete bucket-shop with no management and no risk-management. Funny they talk about best execution when they have received $16m+ in fines for systemic excessive slippage, as an example. Your analogy with Refco is beautiful. Though this is much bigger, much worse and it… Read more »
The elephant in the room is how will FXCM treat negative balances moving forward?
And saying that “…The stock price does not impact our day to day operations as a company….” If that were true, then why go public in the first place? Why not be a private company?
I do admit though, if any firm can pull through this, it would be FXCM. They technically have everything going for it (300MM loan, experienced staff and IT dept, global reach). I do wish them all the best.
@Jon – there are also AML issues and client protection. Not every jurisdiction provides equal protection to foreign investors. But, lots of this is simply protectionism
@Jon – there are also AML issues and client protection. Not every jurisdiction provides equal protection to foreign investors. But, lots of this is simply protectionism
Great news…i believe this company will bounce back within a few years. Alot of negative people out there.
FXCM chasing negative balances. Mine of $180000. I haven’t got it. Force majeur is like an act of God. Drew Niv suggesting that Jordan is God. Chasing negative balances. Rubbish that 90% waived.
Drew Niv: “At the time of the SNB announcement over 3,000 FXCM clients held slightly over $1 billion in open positions on EUR/CHF. Those same clients held approximately $80 million of collateral in their accounts. As you know this was the largest move of a major currency since currencies started floating 1971. If FXCM clients held over $1 billion of EUR/CHF that means: 1 pip move = 100,000 CHF* (profit or losses) 10 pips = 1,000,000 CHF* 100 pips = 10,000,000 CHF* 1000 pips = 100,000,000 CHF* 2000 pips = 200,000,000 CHF* (Close enough to their losses of $225,000,000) Now… Read more »
Good interview!
This interview answers many questions asked by clients and prospect clients.
100% with Han. plus,
This interview at least proved that the person registered with FCA (DXN01107) is not a fit and proper person because of lack of knowledge about FSMA2000 and MiFID, even never know about the FCA 001Form on PRR when he claimed as below,
A dealing desk broker does not have offsetting trades.
@ Vincent:
PROSPECT clients!!!!!
I would not post $100 with them. Dude FXCM is not the only broker in the world. If you are outside the US you have hundreds of brokers to open with. If you are in the US, you still have some brokers that offer FX. Maybe your cost would be a little bit higher with them. However, better safe than sorry!
“We saw many of the dealing desk firms begin to increase overnight rollover cost as well as raise margin requirements to get these trades off their system and that’s why FXCM and other STP brokers had much bigger exposure.”
At least they have good risk management. They predicted the risk and did something to reduce their exposure.
In regards of increasing overnight rollover rates – People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones. I worked few years for FXCM and I know that FXCM always did the same.
@John Allestein – what a great way to beat FM into submission with your threat to copy/paste screenshots of your unpublished comments elsewhere! Now we all know how easily we can own them! But seriously, given that you are now in control of the content on this website and know so much about FXCM and basically the whole market inside out would you perhaps mind telling us what competing publication or broker competitor to FXCM you are working for? Where were you planning on ‘disseminating’ your ominous screenshots at? Your comments seem to be quite nasty and personal as if… Read more »
On the morning of Jan.15 at 03:45 central time I opened BUY USD/CHF trade at 0.85067. @100k a few mins latter around 4am. My 5000 dollar account now had a equity of 18,585.97 with a day p/l of 13,725.55. This was wonderful! The best trade ever! Until I attempted to close at 0.98605. Then guess what. As soon as I manually closed the trade, the trading station on my pc. completely froze up, with my equity and day p/l exactly where I closed. But the trade still showed as open. So I pull out my mobile app and same thing.… Read more »
2 comments removed from this FXCM advert I see. Not good FM, not good at all.
What were the actual exit prices on EURCHF longs with FXCM?
And if anyone has a figure for the average price they sold EURCHF at pls