$15 Million Fine Coaxes Citigroup into Tightening Supervisory Controls

The U.S. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) announced yesterday that it has fined Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. $15 million for failing to adequately supervise communications between its equity research analysts and clients and Citigroup sales and trading staff. As a response, the firm is claiming to have put in place stronger mechanisms to prevent similar future occurrences.

”We are pleased to have resolved and put this matter behind us," a company spokesperson for Citi has confirmed to Forex Forex Foreign exchange or forex is the act of converting one nation’s currency into another nation’s currency (that possesses a different currency); for example, the converting of British Pounds into US Dollars, and vice versa. The exchange of currencies can be done over a physical counter, such as at a Bureau de Change, or over the internet via broker platforms, where currency speculation takes place, known as forex trading.The foreign exchange market, by its very nature, is the world’s largest tradi Foreign exchange or forex is the act of converting one nation’s currency into another nation’s currency (that possesses a different currency); for example, the converting of British Pounds into US Dollars, and vice versa. The exchange of currencies can be done over a physical counter, such as at a Bureau de Change, or over the internet via broker platforms, where currency speculation takes place, known as forex trading.The foreign exchange market, by its very nature, is the world’s largest tradi Read this Term Magnates' reporters.

"Citi takes its regulatory compliance Obligations Obligations In finance, an obligation is a financial responsibility where the terms of a contract must be met. Should an obligation between parties fail then the party who is at default may face legal action. In this scenario, the guilty party will not only have to agree to pay the set amount to fulfill the contractual arrangement but may also be responsible for covering all legal proceedings cost. Routine payments or outstanding debt of any kind are considered financial obligations, so if someone owes you In finance, an obligation is a financial responsibility where the terms of a contract must be met. Should an obligation between parties fail then the party who is at default may face legal action. In this scenario, the guilty party will not only have to agree to pay the set amount to fulfill the contractual arrangement but may also be responsible for covering all legal proceedings cost. Routine payments or outstanding debt of any kind are considered financial obligations, so if someone owes you Read this Term seriously, and we believe that we have strong procedures and controls in place to address the issues that FINRA has raised in this matter, and we are continually working to improve those procedures and controls going forward."

Holding "idea dinners"

According to the regulator, between January 2005 to February 2014, Citigroup failed to meet its supervisory obligations regarding the potential selective dissemination of non-public research to clients, sales and trading staff.

About 100 internal warnings related to communications by equity research analysts were issued by Citigroup throughout the period to no avail. The delays between the violations and the action of disciplining its employees were quite substantial and the measures taken by the company were not severe enough to discourage its employees from repeating their practices.

FINRA detailed two cases of failure of appropriate supervision, in one example "idea dinners" were hosted by Citigroup equity research analysts that were also attended by some of Citigroup's institutional clients, sales and trading personnel.

Stock picks discussions by the company’s research analysts were a frequent topic at those meetings, with inconsistencies becoming apparent with the analysts' published research. According to FINRA, Citigroup did not adequately monitor analyst communications, nor did it provide analysts with adequate guidance concerning the boundaries of permissible communications.

FINRA’s Executive Vice President and Chief of Enforcement, Brad Bennett, said in the announcement, "The frequent interactions between Citigroup analysts and clients at events like 'idea dinners' created a heightened risk when views that are inconsistent with research could be disclosed selectively to clients. Citigroup failed to effectively police these risks."

In another instance, the U.S. financial regulator found that an analyst employed by a Citigroup affiliate in Taiwan selectively disseminated research information concerning Apple Inc. to certain clients, which was then selectively disseminated to additional clients by a Citigroup equity sales employee.

Assisting IPO Roadshows

Turning to IPO roadshows, back in 2011 the regulator found that a Citigroup senior equity research analyst helped two companies in preparing presentations for investment banking roadshows. As it turns out, between 2011 and 2013, Citigroup did not explicitly prohibit equity research analysts from assisting issuers when preparing IPO presentation materials.

Moreover, FINRA found that in 2011, a Citigroup senior equity research analyst assisted two companies in preparing presentations for investment banking road shows. Between 2011 and 2013, Citigroup did not expressly prohibit equity research analysts from assisting issuers in the preparation of road show presentation materials.

Executive Vice President of FINRA's Office of Fraud Detection and Market Intelligence, Cameron Funkhouser, explained, "In this case, Citigroup did not enforce the boundaries of permissible communications to ensure that its analysts did not provide certain clients with improper access to non-public research information. Investment banking and research departments are guardians of material, non-public information and have the responsibility to maintain strict control and protection of that information."