The US Securities and  Exchange   Exchange An exchange is known as a marketplace that supports the trading of derivatives, commodities, securities, and other financial instruments.Generally, an exchange is accessible through a digital platform or sometimes at a tangible address where investors organize to perform trading. Among the chief responsibilities of an exchange would be to uphold honest and fair-trading practices. These are instrumental in making sure that the distribution of supported security rates on that exchange are effectively relevant with real-time pricing.Depending upon where you reside, an exchange may be referred to as a bourse or a share exchange while, as a whole, exchanges are present within the majority of countries. Who is Listed on an Exchange?As trading continues to transition more to electronic exchanges, transactions become more dispersed through varying exchanges. This in turn has caused a surge in the implementation of trading algorithms and high-frequency trading applications. In order for a company to be listed on a stock exchange for example, a company must divulge information such as minimum capital requirements, audited earnings reports, and financial reports.Not all exchanges are created equally, with some outperforming other exchanges significantly. The most high-profile exchanges to date include the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), the London Stock Exchange (LSE), and the Nasdaq. Outside of trading, a stock exchange may be used by companies aiming to raise capital, this is most commonly seen in the form of initial public offerings (IPOs).Exchanges can now handle other asset classes, given the rise of cryptocurrencies as a more popularized form of trading. An exchange is known as a marketplace that supports the trading of derivatives, commodities, securities, and other financial instruments.Generally, an exchange is accessible through a digital platform or sometimes at a tangible address where investors organize to perform trading. Among the chief responsibilities of an exchange would be to uphold honest and fair-trading practices. These are instrumental in making sure that the distribution of supported security rates on that exchange are effectively relevant with real-time pricing.Depending upon where you reside, an exchange may be referred to as a bourse or a share exchange while, as a whole, exchanges are present within the majority of countries. Who is Listed on an Exchange?As trading continues to transition more to electronic exchanges, transactions become more dispersed through varying exchanges. This in turn has caused a surge in the implementation of trading algorithms and high-frequency trading applications. In order for a company to be listed on a stock exchange for example, a company must divulge information such as minimum capital requirements, audited earnings reports, and financial reports.Not all exchanges are created equally, with some outperforming other exchanges significantly. The most high-profile exchanges to date include the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), the London Stock Exchange (LSE), and the Nasdaq. Outside of trading, a stock exchange may be used by companies aiming to raise capital, this is most commonly seen in the form of initial public offerings (IPOs).Exchanges can now handle other asset classes, given the rise of cryptocurrencies as a more popularized form of trading. Read this Term Commission (SEC) announced on Friday that it filed an action against Mirror Protocol cryptocurrency developer company Terraform Labs PTE, Ltd., and its Co-Founder and CEO, Do Kwon.

According to the press release, the subpoena enforcement action requested happens in the context of an investigation launched against Terraform Labs and its CEO due to alleged violations of federal securities laws.

In fact, the SEC’s filing in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York notes that authorities are investigating if they committed such violations by launching Mirror Protocol in 2020. The SEC describes Mirror Protocol as a place where users can create and trade cryptos dubbed as mAssets that ‘mirror’ the price of US securities and obtain Mirror’s governance tokens, known as ‘MIR tokens’.

Failing to Provide Testimonies

“The filing states that, based on its ongoing investigation, the SEC has reason to believe that Terraform Labs and Kwon participated in the creation, promotion and offer to sell mAssets and MIR tokens to US investors. As stated in the filing, the SEC staff served both Terraform Labs and Kwon with investigative subpoenas requiring the production of certain documents and compelling Kwon’s testimony,” the SEC commented in the announcement.

However, the watchdog pointed out that both Terraform Labs and Kwon have refused to provide any documents or comply with the testimonial  Obligations  Obligations In finance, an obligation is a financial responsibility where the terms of a contract must be met. Should an obligation between parties fail then the party who is at default may face legal action. In this scenario, the guilty party will not only have to agree to pay the set amount to fulfill the contractual arrangement but may also be responsible for covering all legal proceedings cost. Routine payments or outstanding debt of any kind are considered financial obligations, so if someone owes you or will owe you money that is considered an obligation. Different Types of ObligationsBonds, banknotes, and coins are examples of obligations because they assure users that they are accredited with the face value of that item. Obligations play a considerable role in personal finance and should be included in every budget. While every budget is different from one another, individuals can use the Financial Obligation Ratio (FOR) that is published quarterly by the Federal Reserve Board as a good reference point on how to best structure individual budgets. For those in the process of retirement planning, obligations should be scrutinized with a wide scope.These should include typical financial obligations such as mortgage payments and healthcare expenses that may incur. In trading, obligations are dealt in the form of put options and short selling or they may refer to the selling of shares on the next trading day after they were purchased in delivery. When obligations fail to be met and legal proceedings have begun, the severity of the punishment set forth is primarily determined by the terms of the contract although juror and judge intervention may lessen the obligations that must be met to fulfill the contract. In finance, an obligation is a financial responsibility where the terms of a contract must be met. Should an obligation between parties fail then the party who is at default may face legal action. In this scenario, the guilty party will not only have to agree to pay the set amount to fulfill the contractual arrangement but may also be responsible for covering all legal proceedings cost. Routine payments or outstanding debt of any kind are considered financial obligations, so if someone owes you or will owe you money that is considered an obligation. Different Types of ObligationsBonds, banknotes, and coins are examples of obligations because they assure users that they are accredited with the face value of that item. Obligations play a considerable role in personal finance and should be included in every budget. While every budget is different from one another, individuals can use the Financial Obligation Ratio (FOR) that is published quarterly by the Federal Reserve Board as a good reference point on how to best structure individual budgets. For those in the process of retirement planning, obligations should be scrutinized with a wide scope.These should include typical financial obligations such as mortgage payments and healthcare expenses that may incur. In trading, obligations are dealt in the form of put options and short selling or they may refer to the selling of shares on the next trading day after they were purchased in delivery. When obligations fail to be met and legal proceedings have begun, the severity of the punishment set forth is primarily determined by the terms of the contract although juror and judge intervention may lessen the obligations that must be met to fulfill the contract. Read this Term, leading the SEC to ask for a subpoena enforcement action. “The SEC’s application seeks an order from the court directing Terraform Labs and Kwon to show cause why the court should not compel them to produce documents as required by the subpoenas and compel Kwon to appear for testimony. The application further seeks an order from the court, following its ruling on the order to show cause, directing Terraform Labs and Kwon to comply fully with the subpoenas,” the SEC added.