If there are no transactions, there are no invalid transactions to nullify the block.
Etherdig, an Ethereum mining pool, is collecting mining fees without processing any transactions, according to Decrypt Media. And it is not the only one doing this.
Blocks are verified when someone closes them by working out their hash, which is a code made up of all the data in that block. This code is necessary to form the next block. Mining pools work by broadcasting each new hash to all the miners that are signed up, and they all begin working on it.
It is not possible to create a hash without seeing the data in a block. What is possible, however, is to use a created hash to create a new block before transactions have been performed. If there are no transactions, there are no invalid transactions to nullify the block.
Miners receive these hashes by signing up to a mining pool, receiving a hash, but mining it for themselves. Thus, spy mining.
Selfish Mining
This is related to a practice called selfish mining.
This is when a miner finds a new block and works on finding its successor without broadcasting its existence to the network, giving him a head start. The drawback is if someone else competes for work on a competing block and it is accepted first, which means that the selfish miner has simply wasted time. To minimise this risk, the selfish miner has to have significant resources.
This is why people are scared of a 51 percent attack; if a mining pool controls the majority of computing power in the network, it could completely monopolise mining of that blockchain by mining selfishly.
25. Re selfish-mining: "you actually have a negative gamma" ... "you actually help the honest miners by attacking the network"
My bulls*** meter appears to be showing a negative value.... oh wait that was an integer overflow.
— Vitalik Non-giver of Ether (@VitalikButerin) April 3, 2018
Making Profit at the Expense of Others
Mining pools have access to these significant resources, and the results of these two practices are clear.
Decrypt Media found that Etherdig has produced 1,250 blocks in the last three months, and processed exactly zero transactions. Its blocks contain only the phrase “Interim Global Authority”, and it has made 3,750 ETH ($840,750 at the current price) in mining rewards over that period.
For reference, the Ethereum blockchain processes 5,800 blocks every day, holding approximately 540,000 transactions in total.
This also happens on the Bitcoin blockchain. BitMEX found in October 2017 that 1.8 percent of blocks created by Antpool - one of the world's biggest mining pools - were empty, because it permits this practice. Bitfury, in comparison, has the opposite policy and produced no empty blocks. And we can see below the result in terms of the number of blocks processed (which equals profit).
In March 2018, Bitcoin Magazine also reported that apart from the empty blocks, Antpool was also mining blocks with significantly fewer transactions than those of other mining pools.
Blocks mined in this way are not technically invalid, and some argue that it is a legitimate profit-maximising activity.
Others claim that empty blocks are harmful to the network because they still raise the mining difficulty, which gives power to monopolistic mining pools. It also causes miners to waste time on invalid blocks, thus reducing the transaction capacity of the network.
What is certain is that it gives entities with access to large amounts of computing power even more of an advantage than they already had.
Antpool, for example, is one of the mining pools owned by Bitmain, a Chinese company that dwarfs all other players in the cryptocurrency mining industry. Spy mining is giving it yet another advantage.
@sysmannet sorry, we will continue mining empty blocks. This is the freedom given by the Bitcoin protocol.
Etherdig, an Ethereum mining pool, is collecting mining fees without processing any transactions, according to Decrypt Media. And it is not the only one doing this.
Blocks are verified when someone closes them by working out their hash, which is a code made up of all the data in that block. This code is necessary to form the next block. Mining pools work by broadcasting each new hash to all the miners that are signed up, and they all begin working on it.
It is not possible to create a hash without seeing the data in a block. What is possible, however, is to use a created hash to create a new block before transactions have been performed. If there are no transactions, there are no invalid transactions to nullify the block.
Miners receive these hashes by signing up to a mining pool, receiving a hash, but mining it for themselves. Thus, spy mining.
Selfish Mining
This is related to a practice called selfish mining.
This is when a miner finds a new block and works on finding its successor without broadcasting its existence to the network, giving him a head start. The drawback is if someone else competes for work on a competing block and it is accepted first, which means that the selfish miner has simply wasted time. To minimise this risk, the selfish miner has to have significant resources.
This is why people are scared of a 51 percent attack; if a mining pool controls the majority of computing power in the network, it could completely monopolise mining of that blockchain by mining selfishly.
25. Re selfish-mining: "you actually have a negative gamma" ... "you actually help the honest miners by attacking the network"
My bulls*** meter appears to be showing a negative value.... oh wait that was an integer overflow.
— Vitalik Non-giver of Ether (@VitalikButerin) April 3, 2018
Making Profit at the Expense of Others
Mining pools have access to these significant resources, and the results of these two practices are clear.
Decrypt Media found that Etherdig has produced 1,250 blocks in the last three months, and processed exactly zero transactions. Its blocks contain only the phrase “Interim Global Authority”, and it has made 3,750 ETH ($840,750 at the current price) in mining rewards over that period.
For reference, the Ethereum blockchain processes 5,800 blocks every day, holding approximately 540,000 transactions in total.
This also happens on the Bitcoin blockchain. BitMEX found in October 2017 that 1.8 percent of blocks created by Antpool - one of the world's biggest mining pools - were empty, because it permits this practice. Bitfury, in comparison, has the opposite policy and produced no empty blocks. And we can see below the result in terms of the number of blocks processed (which equals profit).
In March 2018, Bitcoin Magazine also reported that apart from the empty blocks, Antpool was also mining blocks with significantly fewer transactions than those of other mining pools.
Blocks mined in this way are not technically invalid, and some argue that it is a legitimate profit-maximising activity.
Others claim that empty blocks are harmful to the network because they still raise the mining difficulty, which gives power to monopolistic mining pools. It also causes miners to waste time on invalid blocks, thus reducing the transaction capacity of the network.
What is certain is that it gives entities with access to large amounts of computing power even more of an advantage than they already had.
Antpool, for example, is one of the mining pools owned by Bitmain, a Chinese company that dwarfs all other players in the cryptocurrency mining industry. Spy mining is giving it yet another advantage.
@sysmannet sorry, we will continue mining empty blocks. This is the freedom given by the Bitcoin protocol.
Singapore's Liminal Secures Regulatory Approval in Abu Dhabi
Featured Videos
Hannelé De Necker, CEO, IFX Brokers | FMAS:24
Hannelé De Necker, CEO, IFX Brokers | FMAS:24
Hannelé De Necker, CEO, IFX Brokers | FMAS:24
Hannelé De Necker, CEO, IFX Brokers | FMAS:24
1 week to go until FMAS:24 kicks off and we couldn't skip our interviews with some of this year's sponsors 🤩 Starting off strong with Hannelé De Necker, CEO OF IFX Brokers.
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1 week to go until FMAS:24 kicks off and we couldn't skip our interviews with some of this year's sponsors 🤩 Starting off strong with Hannelé De Necker, CEO OF IFX Brokers.
See you there!
#fmas24 #fmas #fmevents #financeinafrica #traders #investors #affiliates #forexTraders #investmentOpportunities #B2BNetworking #finTech #Innovations #TradingCommunity #BusinessOpportunities #AfricanBusiness #Johannesburg #southafrica
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1 week to go until FMAS:24 kicks off and we couldn't skip our interviews with some of this year's sponsors 🤩 Starting off strong with Hannelé De Necker, CEO OF IFX Brokers.
See you there!
#fmas24 #fmas #fmevents #financeinafrica #traders #investors #affiliates #forexTraders #investmentOpportunities #B2BNetworking #finTech #Innovations #TradingCommunity #BusinessOpportunities #AfricanBusiness #Johannesburg #southafrica
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1 week to go until FMAS:24 kicks off and we couldn't skip our interviews with some of this year's sponsors 🤩 Starting off strong with Hannelé De Necker, CEO OF IFX Brokers.
See you there!
#fmas24 #fmas #fmevents #financeinafrica #traders #investors #affiliates #forexTraders #investmentOpportunities #B2BNetworking #finTech #Innovations #TradingCommunity #BusinessOpportunities #AfricanBusiness #Johannesburg #southafrica
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Get ready to mark your calendars for FMAS:24, returning this May! Take a quick glimpse of what awaits at the Sandton Convention Centre in Sandton, South Africa from May 20-22, 2024.
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FMAS:24 | Sneak Peak
FMAS:24 | Sneak Peak
FMAS:24 | Sneak Peak
FMAS:24 | Sneak Peak
FMAS:24 | Sneak Peak
FMAS:24 | Sneak Peak
Here's a sneak peek into the FMAS:24 vibrant atmosphere! Join us at Africa’s premium financial event for a transformative experience that combines the best of finance and technology.
From May 20-22, 2024, the Sandton Convention Centre in Sandton, South Africa, will be the hub for over 3,500 attendees to engage in unparalleled networking opportunities, learn from over 150 industry-leading speakers, and explore innovations from 120+ exhibitors.
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Here's a sneak peek into the FMAS:24 vibrant atmosphere! Join us at Africa’s premium financial event for a transformative experience that combines the best of finance and technology.
From May 20-22, 2024, the Sandton Convention Centre in Sandton, South Africa, will be the hub for over 3,500 attendees to engage in unparalleled networking opportunities, learn from over 150 industry-leading speakers, and explore innovations from 120+ exhibitors.
Secure your free ticket now 🔗 https://events.financemagnates.com/yQx0l?utm_source=youtube&utm_campaign=fmas-is-back&utm_medium=video&RefId=FMAS24+Video+Ad+%5B1%5D
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Here's a sneak peek into the FMAS:24 vibrant atmosphere! Join us at Africa’s premium financial event for a transformative experience that combines the best of finance and technology.
From May 20-22, 2024, the Sandton Convention Centre in Sandton, South Africa, will be the hub for over 3,500 attendees to engage in unparalleled networking opportunities, learn from over 150 industry-leading speakers, and explore innovations from 120+ exhibitors.
Secure your free ticket now 🔗 https://events.financemagnates.com/yQx0l?utm_source=youtube&utm_campaign=fmas-is-back&utm_medium=video&RefId=FMAS24+Video+Ad+%5B1%5D
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Here's a sneak peek into the FMAS:24 vibrant atmosphere! Join us at Africa’s premium financial event for a transformative experience that combines the best of finance and technology.
From May 20-22, 2024, the Sandton Convention Centre in Sandton, South Africa, will be the hub for over 3,500 attendees to engage in unparalleled networking opportunities, learn from over 150 industry-leading speakers, and explore innovations from 120+ exhibitors.
Secure your free ticket now 🔗 https://events.financemagnates.com/yQx0l?utm_source=youtube&utm_campaign=fmas-is-back&utm_medium=video&RefId=FMAS24+Video+Ad+%5B1%5D
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Here's a sneak peek into the FMAS:24 vibrant atmosphere! Join us at Africa’s premium financial event for a transformative experience that combines the best of finance and technology.
From May 20-22, 2024, the Sandton Convention Centre in Sandton, South Africa, will be the hub for over 3,500 attendees to engage in unparalleled networking opportunities, learn from over 150 industry-leading speakers, and explore innovations from 120+ exhibitors.
Secure your free ticket now 🔗 https://events.financemagnates.com/yQx0l?utm_source=youtube&utm_campaign=fmas-is-back&utm_medium=video&RefId=FMAS24+Video+Ad+%5B1%5D
#fmas24 #fmas #fmevents #financeinafrica #traders #investors #affiliates #forexTraders #investmentOpportunities #B2BNetworking #finTech #Innovations #TradingCommunity #BusinessOpportunities #AfricanBusiness #Johannesburg #southafrica
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Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 | Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 | Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 | Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 | Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 | Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 | Africa's Premium Financial Event
Looking to expand your network in #Africa? Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
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Looking to expand your network in #Africa? Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
📣 Stay updated with the latest in finance and trading!
Follow Finance Magnates for news, insights, and event updates across our social media platforms. Connect with us today:
🔗 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/financemagnates/
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Looking to expand your network in #Africa? Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
📣 Stay updated with the latest in finance and trading!
Follow Finance Magnates for news, insights, and event updates across our social media platforms. Connect with us today:
🔗 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/financemagnates/
👍 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/financemagnates/
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Looking to expand your network in #Africa? Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
📣 Stay updated with the latest in finance and trading!
Follow Finance Magnates for news, insights, and event updates across our social media platforms. Connect with us today:
🔗 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/financemagnates/
👍 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/financemagnates/
📸 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/financemagnates_official
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Don't miss out on our latest videos, interviews, and event coverage.
🔔 Subscribe to our YouTube channel for more!🔔
Looking to expand your network in #Africa? Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
📣 Stay updated with the latest in finance and trading!
Follow Finance Magnates for news, insights, and event updates across our social media platforms. Connect with us today:
🔗 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/financemagnates/
👍 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/financemagnates/
📸 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/financemagnates_official
🐦 X (Twitter): https://twitter.com/financemagnates/
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Don't miss out on our latest videos, interviews, and event coverage.
🔔 Subscribe to our YouTube channel for more!🔔
Looking to expand your network in #Africa? Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
📣 Stay updated with the latest in finance and trading!
Follow Finance Magnates for news, insights, and event updates across our social media platforms. Connect with us today:
🔗 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/financemagnates/
👍 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/financemagnates/
📸 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/financemagnates_official
🐦 X (Twitter): https://twitter.com/financemagnates/
📡 RSS Feed: https://www.financemagnates.com/feed/
▶️ Telegram: https://t.me/financemagnatesnews
Don't miss out on our latest videos, interviews, and event coverage.
🔔 Subscribe to our YouTube channel for more!🔔
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 - Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 - Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 - Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 - Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 - Africa's Premium Financial Event
Join 3500+ Attendees at FMAS:24 - Africa's Premium Financial Event
Looking to expand your network in #Africa?
Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
Looking to expand your network in #Africa?
Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
Looking to expand your network in #Africa?
Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
Looking to expand your network in #Africa?
Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
Looking to expand your network in #Africa?
Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa
Looking to expand your network in #Africa?
Join 3500+ attendees at FMAS:24, where online trading, fintech, payments, and crypto meet! Connect with industry leaders and innovators for an unmatched networking experience.
20-22 MAY 2024
Sandton Convention Center, Sandton, South Africa
Register now to secure your spot: https://bit.ly/3JbUpCK
#fmas #fmas24 #fmevents #networking #finance #africa